The Rwandan Genocide (1994)

Rwanda’s population included two main ethnic groups: Hutu and Tutsi. These identities were hardened during colonial rule, when European powers favoured one group over the other, creating deep resentment.

After independence, power shifted, and tensions remained high for decades. Political leaders used fear and propaganda to turn ordinary people against one another.

In April 1994, a plane carrying Rwanda’s president was shot down. Within hours, extremist leaders blamed the Tutsi population and began organized violence.

What followed was not a traditional war between armies—it was a systematic campaign targeting civilians.

The violence was planned in advance. Weapons were widely distributed. Media outlets encouraged participation. International forces failed to intervene quickly, and it happened.

In roughly 100 days, about 800,000 people were killed—one of the highest killing rates per day ever recorded.

The genocide stopped when a rebel army, the Rwandan Patriotic Front, took control of the country and defeated the extremist government.

Massive loss of life in a very short time Millions displaced Deep trauma that still affects Rwanda today, a global reckoning over the failure to stop genocide

The Rwandan Genocide is often studied to understand how propaganda, fear, and silence can lead to catastrophe very quickly.